Xi Jinping’s Visit to Russia

Chinese President Xi Jinping’s upcoming visit to Russia from May 7 to 10, 2025, is poised to mark a significant turning point in international relations, particularly in the context of Sino-Russian relations. The visit, coinciding with the 80th anniversary of the Soviet Union’s victory over Nazi Germany, is not just a ceremonial gesture; it is a clear indication of the growing strategic partnership between China and Russia. The Kremlin’s announcement that Xi will engage with President Vladimir Putin to discuss various bilateral agreements and regional issues underscores the complexity and importance of this relationship. The trip is expected to address multiple dimensions of cooperation between the two countries, ranging from economic collaboration to military cooperation, all framed within a broader global geopolitical context.

At the core of this visit is the strengthening of ties between China and Russia, two nations that have increasingly aligned themselves against perceived Western dominance in global affairs. The partnership between the two countries is built on a shared vision of a multipolar world order, one that contrasts sharply with the unipolar influence of the United States and its allies. As both nations seek to expand their influence and secure their interests on the global stage, their strategic cooperation has become more pronounced, with Xi’s visit providing the latest milestone in this evolving relationship. The mutual trust and understanding between Xi and Putin, which have developed over the years, will be evident in their interactions during the visit. The two leaders have met numerous times in various international settings, such as in Beijing, Kazakhstan, and at the BRICS summit. These meetings have helped to solidify the Sino-Russian bond, with Putin describing their relationship as “truly strategic in nature” and deeply rooted in shared national interests.

The timing of Xi’s visit is also significant in the context of the ongoing war in Ukraine. Since the onset of the conflict in 2022, China has maintained a position of neutrality, urging dialogue and diplomacy while refraining from directly condemning Russia’s actions. However, Beijing’s support for Moscow has been clear, with China providing critical economic and military support to help Russia withstand the impact of Western sanctions. Xi’s visit to Russia sends a clear message that China continues to back Russia in its geopolitical struggle with the West. The discussions between the two leaders are expected to focus not only on bilateral trade and investment but also on Russia’s strategic needs, particularly in terms of military cooperation. Russia’s increasing reliance on China for military technology and components has been crucial as Moscow seeks to mitigate the effects of Western sanctions. This cooperation, while not explicitly stated in the public realm, underscores the growing importance of the Sino-Russian partnership in the face of Western opposition.

Beyond the economic and military aspects of their relationship, the personal rapport between Xi and Putin plays a critical role in the strength of their partnership. The two leaders have cultivated a close working relationship, and their shared values and long-standing collaboration have fostered an environment of mutual respect. This camaraderie is not just a diplomatic tool but also a testament to the deepening ties between their countries. Putin’s characterization of their relationship as being “deep-seated” highlights the trust and stability that exists between the two nations. The visit further emphasizes the closeness of their bond, and Xi’s participation in Russia’s Victory Day celebrations is a symbolic gesture of solidarity.

Russia’s Victory Day celebrations on May 9 are of immense national significance. The event marks the Soviet Union’s triumph over Nazi Germany in 1945 and is a cornerstone of Russian national identity. Xi’s decision to attend the festivities not only demonstrates China’s respect for Russia’s historical narrative but also aligns China with Russia in projecting a united front against the West. The symbolism of Xi’s attendance is further underscored by the fact that Putin has announced a three-day ceasefire in Ukraine to coincide with the celebrations. While the ceasefire is likely to be a temporary and symbolic gesture, it highlights the coordination between the two countries in presenting a unified stance on global affairs. The announcement of the ceasefire comes amid growing international calls for a peaceful resolution to the war, but Russia’s commitment to a long-term ceasefire remains uncertain.

For Pakistan, a country that shares deep ties with both China and Russia, the implications of the growing Sino-Russian partnership are multifaceted. On one hand, Pakistan has enjoyed a long-standing relationship with China, benefiting from economic cooperation, strategic partnerships, and infrastructure projects like the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). The strengthening of Sino-Russian relations, however, may shift regional power dynamics in ways that Pakistan must carefully navigate. As Russia moves closer to China and as the West continues to apply pressure on Moscow, Pakistan may find itself caught in the middle of these global realignments. While Pakistan’s economic and military ties with China are strong, it must also manage its relationship with Russia, a country that has historically had a complex relationship with Pakistan. The evolving geopolitical situation requires Pakistan to recalibrate its foreign policy and to remain adaptable in response to the changing global landscape.

Xi’s visit to Russia represents a broader shift in global geopolitics. The increasing cooperation between China and Russia signals the rise of an axis of influence that stands in opposition to Western-led institutions and power structures. This partnership, while focused on specific national interests, has broader implications for global security, economics, and governance. As the two countries continue to deepen their ties, their ability to shape international norms and institutions will grow, and their collaboration will likely continue to challenge the status quo.

Xi Jinping’s visit to Russia is a clear indication of the deepening Sino-Russian partnership and their shared vision for a multipolar world. The strategic alignment between China and Russia is reshaping global dynamics, and the visit serves as a reminder of the power of diplomatic relationships in influencing international relations. For countries like Pakistan, the growing influence of this partnership presents both opportunities and challenges, requiring astute diplomacy and a careful balancing of interests. As the Sino-Russian axis continues to evolve, it will undoubtedly have a profound impact on the future of global geopolitics.