Shift in Kenya’s Civil-Military Ties
Kenya is experiencing a significant shift in its traditionally discreet relationship with its military. For decades, an unspoken agreement kept the Kenya Defence Forces (KDF) out of the political spotlight, with the understanding that the military would remain apolitical and, in return, avoid public scrutiny. This tacit pact is now unraveling, revealing complexities in the military’s role within the nation’s governance.
The catalyst for this change was a BBC documentary investigating the military’s involvement in the suppression of protests. The government’s decision to block the documentary’s public screening sparked widespread controversy, not solely due to censorship concerns but because it challenged the longstanding silence surrounding the KDF’s activities. Government-aligned officials accused the BBC of inciting instability, and social media campaigns emerged, framing the documentary as a threat to national security. These reactions underscore the sensitivity of scrutinizing the military’s actions and the lengths to which authorities will go to maintain the status quo.
Historically, Kenya’s military maintained a low profile in political affairs, especially after failed coup attempts in 1971 and 1982. Successive governments ensured the military was well-resourced and kept within the barracks, while the media and public largely refrained from probing into its operations. This arrangement fostered an image of the KDF as a disciplined and professional force, free from the corruption often associated with civilian institutions.
However, the military’s role began to evolve with its 2011 incursion into Somalia, aimed at combating al-Shabab militants. This operation brought the KDF into the public eye, portraying them as defenders against terrorism. Yet, the mission soon faced challenges, including allegations of involvement in smuggling operations and significant casualties from militant attacks. Domestically, the military’s response to terrorist incidents, such as the Westgate Mall and Garissa University attacks, faced criticism for operational failures and alleged misconduct.
Despite these controversies, there was a notable absence of public inquiries or accountability measures. The media and civil society remained largely silent, perpetuating the narrative of the military’s untouchability. This lack of oversight allowed the KDF to expand its influence, with military personnel increasingly appointed to civilian administrative roles, further blurring the lines between military and civilian governance.
The recent backlash against the BBC documentary indicates a growing discomfort with this arrangement. The public’s reaction suggests a desire for greater transparency and accountability regarding the military’s actions. This shift reflects a broader trend of citizens demanding more openness from institutions traditionally shielded from scrutiny.
The unraveling of Kenya’s pact of silence with its military presents both challenges and opportunities. While it may lead to increased tensions between the military and other branches of government, it also offers a chance to redefine civil-military relations in a manner that upholds democratic principles. Ensuring that the military remains under civilian control and subject to public oversight is essential for the health of Kenya’s democracy.
As the nation grapples with these changes, it is imperative for all stakeholders, government, military, media, and civil society, to engage in open dialogue. Establishing clear boundaries and accountability mechanisms will help maintain the delicate balance between national security and democratic governance. The breaking of the silence surrounding the military could mark the beginning of a more transparent and accountable era in Kenya’s political landscape.
